Process of making cyanids.



No. 889,096. PATENTED MAY 26, 1908.

H. s. BLAOKMORE.

PROCESS OF MAKING, OYANIDS.

APPLIUATION TILED 0U'I'.11, 1902.

UNITED STATES "PA-TENT OFFICE.

HENRY SPENQERFBLAGKMORE, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK PROCESS OF MAKING CYANIDS.

Patented May 26, 1908.

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE, a citizen of the United States,

. a material B such as magnetite not residing at Mount Vernon, in the county of 'Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Making Oyan ds; and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap'pertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is to make cyanids such as potassium or sodium cyanids and consists in eoxidizing a heated, molten, or liquefied oxy-salt or compound ofa metal, the cyanid of which is desired, in the presence of nascent carbon and nitrogen.

M invention is particularly adapted to the d xation of free nitrogen, such as may be obtained from the atmosphere, with carbon in the presence of an alkali whereby the formation of cyanids may be readily accomplished directly in a practical and economical manner yielding a product uncontaminated with injurious foreign ingredients, and is based upon the discovery that hydrogen will deoxidize certain metallic oxids or hydroxids in a heated condition in the presence of car bon and nitrogen, together with the fact that carbon or nitrogen in combination with hydrogen may be concurrently liberated by the union of the hydrogen of both with the oxygen of an oxy-metallic salt during the deoxidation of the heated oxy-salt or compound by the action of the hydrogen content, whereby the metal is reduced in the presence of either nascent carbon, nascent nitrogen or both combining therewith to form metallic cyanids.

As an example of the manner in which my process can be carriedout on a practical met; I will take, for example, the production of potassium and sodium cyanids from their correspondlng hydrates or hydroxid-s, reference beinwhad to the accompanying (lI8,W- .ings wlncll illustrate an apparatus which I have devised for carrying out the same,

l igure 1 of which represents-ai -transverse jvertlcal section of the apparatus and Fig. 2

a vertical longitudinal section showing the conversion pots or receptacles connccted'in multiple.

In carr ing out my invention an a practi cal basis i prefer to introduce into the-con: version pot or. receptacle A, which is lined I cent condition in the acted upon by the materials employed or the product produced, through the openingD 'in sium and sodium hydroxids in proportion of one of the former to two of the latter by weight and proceed to fuse the same or reduce it to a molten condition by means of heat generated in the furnace C by anysuitable means. I find that the mixture of lhydroxids aforementioned,.-viz., otassium hydroxid and sodium hydroxid ses at a lower temperature than either per se approxi* mately 300 C., and conversion into cyanid is also more readilyefleeted.

When the mixture has assumed a molten, liquefied or free circulating condition approximately 300 (3., I close the opening D by means of the cover e and then introduce into and through the molten compounds, through the pipe F, controlled by the valve G, a m xture of nitrogen which has been preferably superheated ap )roxinately 285? 0., and hydrogen carbid, sun as petroleum in a iluid condition, the lower end of the pipe F in the conversion pot or receptacle A, bein composed of a material which is not acted upon by the ingredients employed or the products produced, such as ma 'nesite, and the said section being united to tliepipe F by means of the union h. I

As the mixture of superheated nitrogen and hydrogen carbid, such as etroleum, is introduced into and through t 1e molten or liquefied potassium and sodium hydroxids the hydroxid concurrently releasing an alkali-metal and carbon which in their nasresenceof nitrogen immediately unite forming an alkali cyanid, the oxygen of the compound which has thus combined with the hydrogen, passing off at the temperature employed in the form of steam.

The reaction which takes place -may be illustrated by the following chemical formula or equationz N aOH ((1H)n,+ N heat NaCN H O. KOI-I (.CH),,'+=N 1% heat KoN H4).

or emplo ing alkali-ends instead of hydrox ids, as fo lows:

i As thev process of conversion progresses the cover or closure E, a mixture of potaswhich extends into the molten compounds the hydrogen combines with the oxygen of more alkali hidroxid may be added from time to time t rough theopening D whereupon it assumes a molten or liquefied conditlon by becoming'dissolved in or liquefied by the cyanids previously produced, and therefore it can be readily seen that I may convert the oxy-compounds into cyanids either in a molten condition per-8e or liquefied by the action of inert chemical salts by exposin r the saidlmolten or liquefied oxy-compoun s to the action of a carbid, the elctroositive element or base ofwhich is ca able 0 unitin with the oxy en of the .oxy-sa t or compoun concurrently 'berating carbon and the metal, a cyanid of which is desired, in the presence of nitrogen, it being obvious that the temperature to which the reacting'ingredients are exposed must be below the temperature at which carbon will deoxidize the oxy-salt or compound employed in the presence of the electro-positive element of the carbid, it being noted that the carbon of the carbid is the electro-ne ative constituent thereof and this process re ates to the deoxidation of the oxysalt or compound b the action of the electropositive element 0 the carbid at a temperature which must naturally be below the oint at which the carbon content will comine with the oxygen content of the com osition, or, in other words, at a oint at whic the electro-positieve element wil deoxidize oxid of carbon and below the point at which carbon will deoxidize an oxid of the electro-positive element of the carbid, otherwise the carbon would be consumed and dissi ated by combination with the oxygen of the oxy-compound instead of forming cyanid, simultaneouslyl producing carbonic oxid or harbou- 'dioxid, t

e presence of which is detrimental to the process by retarding and recluding, to a large extent, the formation 0 cyanid.

It goes without saying that if the hydrogen of the deoxidizingicompound, instead of the carbon of that compound, unites with the oifgglen of the oxy-compound,-the chemical a t of the hydro en for the said oxygen must e superior. he temperature, therefore, is necessaril such as to. enable the hydrogen toc'om ine or that the electropositive element does combine, for, as elsewhere indicated, hydrogen has the superior affinity atlower temperatures, while carbon has the superior aflinity at higher temperarefrigeration or otherwise, below the 'tem.

perature at which the base-or electro+positive element of the carbidihas: the superior afiinity for oxygen combined in the compound of metal, a c anid of which is desired, over can bon, whic in the case of hydro-carbon, such a as petroleum, is a proximatel 327 (1., the

same being about t e limit at w ich hydrogen thereof has a superior aflinity for the oxygen serve-the right to em ssaoee combined in a mixture of sodium hydroxid and potassium hydroxid, while employing such hydrocarbons as petroleum, over its carbon content.

I donot desire to confine myself to the employment of hydrogen carbids as reducing agents'in the formation of cyanid but reloy an, other practical metallic carbid whic 1 ma be adaptable for the purpose, '2'. e., the e ectro-positive element of which is capable of abstracting the oxygen from the oxy-salt or compound of the metal, a cyanid of which is desired, it being a well known and established fact thath drogen is a metal in a gaseous state or con ition at ordinary atmos heric ressure and temperature from a c emicaf standpoint just the same as the metal mercury exists as a liquid under like conditions. other oxy-com ound of the metal, a cyanid of which is desired, either in a molten condition per se or dissolved, liquefied, or retained in a molten bath of 'inert chemical compounds.

from time to time as desired through the taphole H by withdrawing the plugior st. o per J by the actuation of the screweade clos- 'ing device K.

It is found advisable to connect the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 in multiple as shown in Fig. 2 so that an of the hydrogen carbid and nitrogen w 'ch may have passed through the first conversion pot or receptacle A without absorption or combination may be converted and united in a second er third similar apparatus as before deseribed. This particularly a plies to cases where the material in the st conversion pot or receptacle has been almost entirely converted into cyanid at which time larger quantities of the hydrogen carbid and nitrogen'pass oil" .without reaction or combination and it is also advisable to arrange the apparatus in such a manner that the prod- When the oxy-com ound in the conversion pot or receptacle A as been con-v verted into cyanid it may be withdrawn- I can also employ any ucts produced in the first, second, or third.

removed apparatus maybe conveyed by gravity or otherwise toward the first receptacle so that the compounds may be thoroughly converted by the time they are withdrawn as-a finished product.

I find it of advantage both from economcarbonates from time to time to the molten constituents of the conversion pot or recep ical and practical stand points to add alkali.

tacle whereby in its liquefied conditionin.

the inert contents of the said receptacle it is as readily converted as the more fusible alkali oxy-compou'nd. I can also introduce the nitrogen in the form of a h drid instead of free nitrogen together wit the hydrogen carbid by which means-'iiitrogen' and carbon are both liberated concurrently with the alkali metal by the union of the metal compound, or I hydrogen combined with both the nitrogen and carbon with the oxygen of the alkali an employ an comound capable of prdducing or re easing ee or nascent nitrogen in a form ca able of uniting with the nascent metal an carbon to form a cyanid.

I also intend to include as my invention the heating of the ingredients, viz., metallic oxy-salts or compounds, carbid of the character described and nitrogen, to a reacting temperature which may, .in some cases, not actually be a molten or liquefied condition at the time of reaction but which latermay become molten or liquefied by action of the i more fusible cyanid produce "metal wit I nated by t The com ounds herein referred to, desigl e prefix oxy to metallic salts or compounds employed for transformation, is intended to inc ude all salts or comounds of metal or metals, cyanid of which isdesired, containing. oxygen either individually or associated with other non-metallic elements; and the term metallic carbid to a com ound of solid, liquid or gaseous carbon, be it either a normal carbid, acetylid or other union and is intended to include any mixture or combination of carbids as Well as a simple carbid per se; the electroositive element or base of which is capab e of abstr-actingth'e oxygen from the oxy-salt or compound of the metal a cyanid of which isdesired."

, I can also perform the conversion into cyanide of the ox -salts or com ounds,of t e metal or meta s, cyanid of w ich is desired, by employin inert salts or compounds which mayv acilitate fusion by. dissolving or suspending the same in a state of fusion whereby the transformation into c anid is also facilitated; and I can exposeafter fusion or during fusion or I can add the same to the fusedcomposition or expose the mixture of oxy-salt er compound, nitrogen and the carbld, to a reacting temperature without de arting from the spirit of my invention whic consists indeoxidizing an oxy-salt or compound of the metal or metals, a cyanid of which is desired, by action of the electro-positive. element or base of a carbid at a reacting temperature whereby the carbon and metal, a cyanid of which is desired, thus concdrrently released in the presence of nitrogen, unite therewith to form cyanid.

1 am aware tl'iataprocesseshave been devised for uniting nitrogen directly and indirectly with carbids ofm'etals, cyanids of which are desired, it being noted that the metal and carbr n are united and the formation of cyanid depends on the absorption of the nitrogen, but n1 these cases the carbids devised 'whereb being fusible only at extremely hi h temperatures merely admit-of superficizil action thereby producin contaminated cyanids below fusion, and i heated to fusion preclude the formation of cyanids by being at a temperature above the dissociating point of the cyanid, also in these cases noted, the metal, a cyanid of which is desired, is exposed to the action of nitro en while it is combined with carbon in the orm of a carbid, while in my process I em loy carbon in afree nascent condition in t 1e presence of a nascent metal, a cyanid of which is desired, and nitrogen, which nascent condition greatly facilitates the perfect combination and fixation of nitrogen.

I am: also aware that processes have been with carbon an heated to a point at which the carbon deoxidizes the same, producing alkali-metal and carbon oxid and exposing it to the action of nitrogen or ammonia or both, the high temperature required to reduce the alkali with carbon is found however to be detrimental to the ready formation or roduction of cyanid, the carbon oxid evo ved upon reduction also exerts an injurious infiuence andretards the formation of the cyanidand the final separation of the cyanid from excess of free carbon is almost impossible. It, has also been proposed to mix hy-' drocarbons with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen .(ordinary air, either alone or with ammonia gas) and heat the same to a temperature at which the free oxygen of this mixture combines with the hy rogen contents of the hydrocarbon libera in carbon which is retained in suspension in t 1e nitrogen in the form of infinitesimal particles:

(such as smoke) and thenconve mg this mixture of nitrogen and free fine y subdivided carbon into the presence of an alkali which is heated to a temperature at which the carbon introduced will deoxidize the alkali leaving the excess of carbon and nitrogen to unite with the alkali metal ,thus reduced to form cyanid with the same. It can be seen, however, that the carbon in "this case is not exposed in a nascent state,-to the action of nascent alkali-metal in the presence 'of nitrogen as employed in my process, and

the same difficulties met with 1n reference to high temperature and carbon. oxidfstill exist; it has also been proposed to decompose alkalies b the action of metallic carbids, such as ca cium carbid heated to a temperature at which both the carbon and calcium abstract the oxygen from the alkali liberating the alkali-metal in the form of vapor associated with the gaseous products of deoxidation, carbon-oxid and nitrogen, then exposing ferrocyanids, such as potassium. ferro-- cyanid, to the action of thisalkali-metal vapor, thereby displacing iron from the ferrocyanid and leaving alkali cyanid free from iron; it has alsobeen proposed to first heat:

hydrogen carbid, such as acetylene, and nitrogen by themselves or in the presence of trogen, and then conveying the cyanogen (nitrogen carbid) or hydrocyanic acid in contact with alkali, either in a heated or molten condition or in solution in water whereby the hydrocyanic acid combines with the alkali secondarily forming a cyanid of the alkali- -metal content or cyanogen which combines with the alkali forming cyanid and cyanate V sa ts or compounds 0 of the alkali-metal content. It is seen,how-

ever, in this process that the hydrocyanic' acid or cyanogen is first formed and caused to reactwith the alkali thereafter secondaril and independently producin cyanid,-. whi e, in my process, no free hy rocyanic acid or cyano en is produced but the foetation of metal ic, cyanid is accomplished directly b the union of nascent metal and nas cent car on in the presence of nitrogen. The formation of hydrogen carbid (acetylene) to be em loyed as aforesaid, was produced eitherfi bid with steam or aqueous moisture or by the so-called cracking or dissociating of heavy. hydrocarbons at hi h tem era'tures and the union of nitrogen with the ydrogen carbid (acetylene) ,forming hydrocyanic acid, was a mere absorption of nitrogen by the hydrogen carbid content.

The carbids which I prefer to employ in the formation of cyanids, viz., hydrogen carbids (petroleum) are those which are not affected or decomposed by the action of moisture at ordinary temperatures and the electro-positive element or base of which is oxygen from the oxythe metal, a cyanid of which is desired, with the simultaneous reca able of abstracting leasement of the carbon of the carbid, which released elements unite with the nitro en present forming cyanid. It is also pre er-.

- able to em loy an excess of vaporized petroleum circu atmg throu *h' the moltenalkali with the nitrogen so t at the watervapor (H,O),liberated during deoxid'ation; of 'the alkali(KOHNaOH) with the hydrogen content of, the petroleum is rapidly carried out andaway from the cyanid to prevent formation of ammonia" and consequent loss of cyanid. I

By employing molten alkali containing iron oxid, alkali ferrite, or similar-iron compound, alkali ferro-cyanid' can be rodueed can also use other hydrogen carbi (hydrocarbons) such as acetylene instead of petroleum without de artmg from the sp rit of.

my invention. can also introducettlie nitrogen. intoand through the oxy-saltfof the metal, a cyanid-of which is des1red, -in cbmbination with carbon and hydrogem-Ysuch' stea y the decomposition of metallic car 7 .order to finally remove the same an as pgridin (C H N) inf a fiuid condition in.

of nitrogen hydrid as aforementioned while the ingredients are heated to a reacting temperature, in which case the union of the hydrogen with the oxygen of the oxy-compound liberates carbon and nitrogen from the =pyridin. 'or similar nitro-hydrocarbon which nascent nitrogen anducarbon unite directly .with the nascent metalconcurrently liberated forming a cyanid therewith, H

The spirit of my invention, therefore, con- 'sists in the reduction of a metal, the c anid of which is desired, concurrentl wit the production of nascent carbon in t epresence of nitrogen, either free, or liberated from fiuid compounds containing nitrogen in the process, whereby the nascent metal, nascent carbon and nitrogen unite'directly forming a cyanid, and Ido not desire to confine myself to the employment of any articular or specific compound or com min in produc-- ing the cyanid as set fort but reserve the right to-employ'any ingredients which may justly be considered to come within the scope of my invention as broadly 'hereinbe-- fore set forth.

' In carrying outthis' process it is some times found, especiall when the larger per centage of the-ox sa t-or compound of the metal, a cyanid 0 which is desired, has'been converted into cy'iinid', that the heat causes a directdissociatloil of a portion of the petroleum or h drocarlion into articles of free carbon an hydrogen gas'w ich-particles of free carbon remain suspended in and disseminated throughout the molten cyanid thereby -tem orarily contaminating the same. After all. t e oxy-salt or compound has been-trans- ,1 formed into cyanidI remove these contaminating particles 0t free carbon by passing into or through themolten mass a current of ox gen or ordinary air whereby aportion of t e metallic c anid becomes converted into cyanate which, in turn, is reduced to cyanid by combination of the oxygen thereof with the free particles of carbon, thereby forming and eliminating carbonic' oxid' and" leaving the cyanid in a pure and uncontaminated condi tion. Care must. be taken, however, that anexcess ofoxygen is not introduced, otherwise more carbon or other deoxidizing agent, such as hydrogen, would'have to be supplied 'in reduce it againtoeyanid. I find it of advantage,- how'ever,to introduce into molten cyanid containing suspended particles of carbon, the percentage of-which has previously beenas certained, a quantity of cyanate containing oxygen enough in 1' POl'tIOlltO the free carbon content to remove the same in the formv of-carb'onic'oxid, by which means the excess of either free carbon or oxygen in the form of cyanate is avoided and the direct formation The terin inert to c anid employed herein is intended to imp y and does imply that the substance is not decomposed, transformed, or otherwise injuriously acted upon 'byuthe metal cyanid desired, nor is the cyanid w 'ch is desired decomposed, transformed, .or otherwise injuriously acted upon by the oxygen-containing compound of the metal a cyanid of which is desired, whereby either or both of the essential constituents viz. the oxygencontaining compound a cyanid of which is desired, the carbid transforming agent, or the metal cyanid desired are destrofied or injured by association.

T e term reacting temperature employed throughout the specification and claims has reference to the temperature at I ters Patent is L'The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbidat a temperature at which the electro-positive base of the carbid has greater affinity than carbon for. the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and

nitrogen.

' 2.- he process of making cyanid which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid of a more electroositive metal at a temperature at which t e electro-positive element or base of the carbid has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and

nitro en.

3. 1he process of making cyanid which consists in exdposing a molten or liquefied oxy-compoun of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid at a tem erature at which the electro-positive base 0 the carbid has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

4. The process of making cyanid which consists in e. posing a molten material containin an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyani the cyanid of which is desired, to the action'of a carbid at a temperature at which 'the eleclro-positive base of the carbid has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen a of the 'oxy compoundfand nitrogen.

5. The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing a molten composition containing an oxy-compound of a metal or metals inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a metallic carbid at a temperature at which the electro-positive element-or base of the carbid has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

6. The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing a molten or liquefied oxy-compoun of. a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a gaseous carbid at a temperature at which the electro-positive element or base of the carbid has greater aflinity than carbon for gen. a

7. The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of h drogen carbid at a temperature at which tlie hydrogen of the carbid has greater aflinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

8. The process of making cyanid which consists in deoxidizin ,at-areactmg tem erature, by the action 0 a reducing agent avirig, at said reacting temperature, a greater a mity for oxygen than carbon, in the presence'of nitro en and nascent carbon, an ox compound 0 a metal inert to cyanid, t e cyanid of which is desired.

9. The process of making cyanid which consists in producing nascent metal, the cyanid of which is desired, and nascent carbon, in the presence of nitrogen, by concurrently combining the electro-negative element of the compound of the metal inert. to cyanid, a cyanid of which is desired, with the c ectro-posltive constituent of the carbon compound, at a temperaturebelow which the electro-negative constituent of the compound of the metal employed combines with carbon, thereby combining the metal, carbon, and nitrogen and producing a'cyanid.

consists in inducing a union at a reacting temperature between the oxygen of an oxycompound of the metal inert to cyanid, a cyanid of which is desired, and the electropositive base of a carbid, in the presence of nitro en, and simultaneousl combining the meta of the oxy-compoun the carbon of the carbid, and the n'itrogen,.th'ereby forming a c anid. g

11. he process of making cyanid which consists indeoxidizing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid,'the c anid of which is desired, by the actionof liydrogen at a temperature at which hydrogen has greater affinity than carbon for the oxy n of the oxy-compound, and combining t e nascent metal of the oxy compound with carbon and nitrogen. 0 v

'10. The process of making cyanid whichthe oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitro- 13. The rocess of making cyanid which consists in eoxidizing a hydroxid of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, at a temperature at which the deoxidizing agent has greater atlinity than carbon for the oxygen of the hydroxid, in the presence of nascent carbon and superheated nitrogen and combining the nascent metal, nascent carbon, and nitrogen .contents the composition.

14. The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing a molten composition containing an oxy-com ound. of the metal inert to cyanid, a cyanid of which is desired, to, the action of petroleum at a temperature at which hydrogen has greater ailimty than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

15. The process of' making alkali-metal cyanid which consists in exposing an oxycompound of the alkali-metal inert to cyanid, a cyanid of which. is desired, to the action of a hydrocarbon at a temperature at which the hydro en of the hydrocarbon has greater aflinityt ran carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

16. The process of making alkali-metalc. anid which consists in ex osing oxide of' a kali-metals to the action 0 hydrogen carbid at a temperature at which the hydrogen of the carbid has greater aflinity than carbon f for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and

nitrogen.

17 The process of making alkali-metal cyanids which consists in ex osing a molten composition containing an a kali-met'al and oxygen inert to cyanid to the action of hydroen carbi d at atemperature at which the hydrogen ofthe carbid has greater aflinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-cOmpound, and nitrogen.

, 1.8. The process of making alkali-metal cyanid which consists in exposing a composition containing an alkali-metal oxid to the action of petroleum at a temperature at which the hydrogen content has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxycompound, and nitrogen.

.19. The rocess of making alkali-metal cyanid whic consists in exposing a hydroxid of the alkali-metal, a cyanld of which is desired, to the action of petroleum at a temperature at which the hydrogen content has greater affinity than carbon for the oxygen of the oxy-compound, and nitrogen.

20. The process of making potassium cyahydrocarbon and nitrogen while the materials are heated to a temperature at which the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon has greater a'fiinity than carbon for the oxygen of the caustic potash.

22. The process of making potassium cyanid which consists in exposing a molten composition containing potassium hydrogen oxid (hydroxid) to the action of petroleum and. nitrogen at a temperature at which the hydrogen content of the petroleum has greater afiinity than carbon for the oxygen content of the potassium hydroxid.

23. The process of making cyanids which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyamd, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid, the electropositive base of which is capable of unitin with the oxygen of the ox-y-compound, and

nitrogen, at a reacting temperature and finally removing an particles of free carbon contained therein by introducing into the mass an oxidizing agent capable of. converting the cyanid into a cyanate in sufiicient pro ortion to remove the contaminating car 011.

24. The process of making '0 anids which consists in uniting a metal, t 1e cyanid 'of which is desired, with carbon and nitrogen in proportion to form the same by subjecting Ingredients containin and nitrogen tomutua reaction at a combining temperature and removing any excess of carbon contained therein by the action of a metallic cyanate.

25. The process of making cyanids which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanld, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid of a' more 'electro-positive element, in the presence of nitrogen and removing any excess of carbon contained therein by the action of a metallic cyanate. I

26. The process of making cyanide which consists in exposing an oxy-compou metal inert to-cyanid, the cyanid of said metal, carbon of a 'chisdesired, to the action of hydrocarbonand J nitrogen at a reacting temperature, and re-' moving anyi excess of carbon contained j by t e therein action of a metallic cyanate.

[27. The. process of making cyanid which consists in exposing an oXy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid, the electropositive element or base of which is capable of uniting-with the oxygen of the oXy-eompound, at a temperature below that at which carbon will dcoxidize an oxid or the electropositive element or base of the carbid em ployed, and nitrogen.

28. The process of making cyanid which consists in exposing an oXy-compound of a metal inert to cyanld, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid, the eiectropositive element or of which is capable of uniting with the oxygen of the oxy-corn-- pound, at a temperature at which the electro-positive element of the carbid wili deoxidize oxid of carbon, and nitrogen.

29. The process of making cyanid which consists in deoxidizing an oxy-compound containing a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, by a deoxidizing agent, contained in a carbonaceous compound,'which has a greater aiiinity for the oxygen of the oxy compound than the carbon of the carbonaceous compound at the temperature employed, and combining the carbon of the deoxidizing compound, the metal of the oxy-compound and nitrogen thereby forming a cyanid.

30. The process of making eyanid which consists in exposing an oxy-conipound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of a carbid at a temperature at which the electr0-positive element has an aflinity for the oxygen of the oxy-compound to the exclusion of carbon, and a gaseous body containing nitrogen.

3']. The process of making cyanid', which consists in fusing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, and introducing into and through the same a fluid deoxidizing oil and nitrogen, at a reacting temperature.

32.- The. process of making cyanid, which consists in insing an oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, and introducing into and through the same petroleum and nitroen at a reac'tin tem erature.

33. The process of making cyanid, which consists in. fusing an oxy compound of an aikaii-metal inert to cyanid, and introducing into and through the same a fluid deoxidizing oil and nitrogen, at a reacting temperature.

34-. The process of making cyanid, which consists in fusing an oxy-com Jound of an alkali-metal inert to cyanid, an. introducing into and through the same petroleum and nitrogen, at a reacting temperature.

35. The process of making potassium cyanid, whichconsists infusing caustic potash, and introducing into and through the same a fluid. deoxidizing oil and. nitrogen, at a react ing tem erature.

36. T 1e process of making potassium cyanid, which consists in fusing caustic potash and introducing into and through the same etroleum and nitrogen, at a reacting tem-v perature.

37. The process of making potassium cyanid, which consists in fusing caustic potash or substance containing the same, and introducing into and through the fused substance hydrocarbon and nitrogen, at a reacting tem perature. V

38. The process of. making cyanid, which consists in exposing metal (nay-compounds inert to cyanid during process of deoxidation yielding nascent carbon to the action of super-heated nitrogen.

39. The process of making potassium cyanid, which consists in deoxidizing caustic otash with a deokidant yielding nascent carlion, and exposing the ingredients during recess of deoxidation to t .e action of supereated nitrogen.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE. Witnesses:

H. N. JENKINS, C. C. WRIGHT. 

